Study Proposes Natural Explanation for Moses’ Red Sea Parting Over Divine Miracle Claim

Scientists Propose Natural Explanations for Moses’ Red Sea Miracle

The parting of the Red Sea, a pivotal moment in biblical history, might have roots in natural phenomena rather than divine intervention, according to researchers. While the story describes Moses miraculously dividing the waters to escape Pharaoh’s army, scientific models suggest a combination of wind, tides, and geography could explain the event.

Possible Crossing Locations

Traditionally, the crossing is linked to the Gulf of Aqaba, a deep section of the Red Sea. However, its depth (up to 1,850 meters) makes it an unlikely candidate. Instead, experts propose the Gulf of Suez—a shallower branch of the Red Sea averaging 20–30 meters deep. Historical records show Napoleon Bonaparte’s troops crossed this area during low tide in 1789, nearly getting trapped when tides rushed back.

The shallow Gulf of Suez (pictured) is a plausible crossing site, unlike the deeper Gulf of Aqaba.

Another theory places the event at the Nile Delta’s Lake of Tannis (now Lake Manzala). Carl Drews, an oceanographer, argues that a strong east wind could have caused a “wind setdown,” pushing waters back to expose a mudflat. Computer simulations show 62 mph winds blowing for 12 hours could create a 3-mile-wide, 4-hour land bridge—enough time for the Israelites to cross.

The Role of Wind and Tides

The Bible mentions a powerful east wind parting the sea. Scientists like Nathan Paldor of Hebrew University calculated that sustained 40–45 mph winds could lower water levels by 3 meters, exposing dry land. Similarly, tides in the Gulf of Suez could have allowed Moses to exploit low tide for escape, while Pharaoh’s army, unfamiliar with tidal patterns, drowned during the surge.

A strong wind (illustrated) could push water back, creating a temporary path.

Tsunami Theory Debunked

Some suggest a tsunami’s “drawback” effect exposed the seabed. However, this phenomenon lasts under an hour—far shorter than the biblical timeline. Films like Exodus: Gods and Kings popularized this idea, but experts like Drews note it doesn’t align with the account of walls of water on both sides.

Tsunami drawbacks (shown) are too brief for a crossing, unlike wind-driven events.

Faith and Science in Harmony

While science offers explanations, believers argue the miracle lies in timing. Drews, a Lutheran, emphasizes that faith and science coexist: “Moses received advance notice from God to act at the right moment.” Whether through wind or tides, the convergence of natural forces at a critical juncture remains awe-inspiring.

Films like The Ten Commandments dramatize the event, aligning with scientific theories.

In the end, whether viewed as divine intervention or a natural marvel, the Red Sea crossing continues to captivate as a story of deliverance against impossible odds.